Huntington's Disease
By Kivonika Uthayaseelan
We learned about the genetics in the previous unit and also how we can have the genetic disorder due to the gene from our parents. Today I will be discussing about my topic and how genetics play an important role with the diseases. So we will be talking about Huntington's disease, which is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder(loss of structure or function of neurons) that affects the muscle coordination. It affects the patient mentally and leads to disorder of losing their action of acquiring knowledge, ability of understanding, and the senses.
As we know each of us have total of 46 chromosomes, which come in pairs and one pair from each of the parent. Therefore, we get 23 chromosomes from one parent and the other 23 chromosomes from the other parent. Moreover, there are two types of chromosomes: Autosomal chromosomes and sexual chromosomes.The gene that produces Huntington's disease lies on chromosome 4 and that leads to autosomal dominant, which means the 23rd pair of chromosome (sexual) from a paternal or maternal are not affected. The DNA pattern of Huntington's disease are CAG (Cytosine-Adenine-Guanine) that are repeated over and over again. Individuals with the disorder may have from 40 to over 100 reputation of CAG patterns of DNA.
Huntington disease, mostly affects people around 30s to 50s, but in some cases it affects people under the age of 20 and it is called Juvenile Huntington disease. This disorder can affect both genders. This genetic disorder affects people at the age of 30s to 50s due to the uncontrolled muscular movement.
The Huntington disease will be diagnosed if there is any changes in the movement of the joints, and also in the emotional and mental state. If anyone notices these changes they have to see the doctor to diagnose the problem. The doctor uses few diagnostic tests to make sure if a patient has Huntington disease. Pre-symptomatic test is the first diagnostic test and this test is allowed to do when a patient doesn't experience any symptoms of Huntington disease.This test will find if a patient has a chance to develop the disorder. The other diagnostic test is called Antenatal test. This test will carry out during pregnancy to make sure the unborn child will not develop Huntington disease. Antenatal test is allowed to the couples, who has a family history of Huntington disease.
The Huntington disease will be detected by the DNA pattern in our body. If a person has 10-20 repeated DNA patterns of CAG, which shows that he or she doesn't have Huntington disease.If a person has 26 CAG patterns of DNA, it will be normal, but more than that it will cause problem of Huntington disease. An example of the genetic screening of parents is if a child's grandparent had Huntington disease, then the child 25% more likely the chance to inherit the gene of disorder.
The symptoms of Huntington disease affect people in three main ways. First in involuntary movement, which meansa person experiences less control in some of the voluntary movement. Sometimes people with the disorder will find it hard to move such as eye movement, loss of balance, difficulty in swallowing,and also difficulty with speaking. Therefore, it affects their daily activities and they have to rely on someone to perform everyday activities. Cognitive problems are the other symptoms of the disease.Cognitive means a person's thinking ability. So people with the disease find it hard to think clearly, response to the question and to concentrate. People also experience a lack of flexibility, difficulty learning new things, lack of awareness of one's behavior, and inability to start a task or conversation. Behavioral symptom is the other symptom people experience with this disease. Behavioral symptoms means a person behavior change with the disease. For example, someone with the disease may get a lot of angry and frustrated. The other symptoms in the behavioral are feeling sadness, loss of interest, changes in appetite, feeling guilty, suicidal thought, tiredness and loss of concentration. The estimated life span of individuals after they have been diagnosed with Huntington disorder is 10-30 years.
There is no cure for Huntington disease, but there are drugs to help patients to manage the symptoms. There are medicines which help to reduce involuntary movement and to cure the depression. Mood stabilizers and antipsychotic drugs help the patient to swing the emotional disturbance. Counselling also helps the patient and the family to overcome the disease. Dietitian also guide patients to intake calories and nutrients without losing weight. There is no ethical issue concerning the treatment of this disease because they have all kinds of treatment necessary for the patients health. For example, medication for mood stabilizer, involuntary movement and also counselling and dietitian services also available for the patient.
Stem Cell Research: Huntington disease
Question to think about: " Do you think its possible to change the DNA pattern which will beneficial for the patients with Huntington disease? "
References:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001775/
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/huntingtons-disease/basics/definition/con-20030685
http://chealth.canoe.ca/condition_info_details.asp?disease_id=72
https://www.alz.org/dementia/huntingtons-disease-symptoms.asp
http://www.helpguide.org/elder/huntingtons_disease.htm
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As a sign of gratitude for how my son was saved from Huntington's disease, i decided to reach out to those still suffering from this.
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ReplyDeleteRead carefully, it's said that Huntington disease has no cure, yes with western medication but not with herbal medicine, my daughter's situation made me to realize that with doctor Bharat herbal medicine it can be cured. In 2014 she experienced difficulty in concentrating, memory lapses and depression, at first I thought it was stressed from her place of work until I took her to hospital and the doctor made me to understand that it's juvenile Huntington disease because she is still in her late 30s, which she inherited from my late husband that died of the same disease, the doctor told me it has no cure, but gave her some medicine which I noticed that it has side effects, my daughter situation got worst each day that passes, she was the best at her place of work, now a shadow of her self because of this deadly disease, she speaks to herself often, she was really going insane, I do not want to lose my daughter the same way I lost her father, in 2018 I carried out research on internet and bumped into a comment of a lady that got cured of Huntington disease, without wasting time I contacted doctor Bharat whose name was mentioned in the comment, now is been 3 years my daughter is living her best life again, for those that have the disease or have any love one suffering from Huntington disease, contact doctor Bharat via dr.bharatkings@gmail.com or Whatsapp on: +393509392854
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